• الكثرة تغلب الشجاعة وكثرة ال (Methylation) في ال (CpG islands) تغلب شجاعة ال (RNA pol)

شريفة إبراهيم

• DNA said to mRNA at a checkpoint:

أكاد أشك في نفسي لأني أكاد أشك فيك وأنت مني

سارة سعيد

هو الكون حي يحب الحياة

ويحتقر ال (mutation) مهما كبر

فلا الأفق يحضن غريب الطيور

ولا النحل يلثم عجيب الزهر

ولولا أمومة قلبي الرؤوم

لما ظل لل (mutation) مستقر

آمنه عبدالله

نقولهم تيس ويقولون إحلبوه. ونقولهم (DNA strand) يقولون سوو له (Translation)

فاطمة سليم

ال (RNA interferance) مطبق مقولة: الحشرة مع ال (molecules) عيد

سارة فهد

خط ال (Repressors and activators) بال (Nucleus) واقعد بالظلال

دلال خليفة

The difference between the ordinary and the extraordinary is just the little “Extra”. This is just like the “Extra” chromosome in Down syndrome

Sara Zeyad

•  هذا الشبل من ذاك الأسد. وهذا ال (chromatin) من ذاك (chromosome)
• الشريجة تحر ولو بالقبر وال (repressor) يحر ال (activator) ولو بال (DNA)
• كثر الدق يفك اللحام وكثر ال (abortive initiation) يفك ال (RNA pol) عن ال (promoter)

مشاعل الكندري

ربع(ن) تعاونوا ما ذلوا. مثل ال (helicase) و ال (helicase loader) يتعاونون على ال (DNA double strands)

ريوف فايز

Here is another thoughtful story by my active, enthusiastic, and outstanding student, Zahraa Hasan.

When I studied alternative splicing in 281 course, the instructor [Hasan] said that the possible combinations are unlimited [exaggeration by Hasan]. I wanted to see if it is truly unlimited or it is possible to calculate it.

I thought that I can calculate it by using permutations and combinations but those approaches did not work. The Permutations did not work because it allows the second exon to become before the first exon, and this is not possible in genes. Combinations did not work because it does not deal with the order. So, I realized that I had to find the formula that can be used for this process by trying every possible combination for the exons. At the end I found it : 2^{(#of exons – 2)}. The (-2) is in the formula because the first exon contains the AUG codon (the beginning of the gene), and the last exon contains a stop codon, so a protein cannot theatrically be synthesized if either the first exon or the last exon is not included.

Given:

1. The human gene with the largest number of exons is (TTN gene)
2. TTN gene has 363 exons.
3. TTN gene cDNA size is 82Kb.
4. TTN codes for Titin protein.
5. TTN protein contains 26,926 amino acids and a mass of 2993kDa.

The theoretical possible combinations of TTN exons would be

2^(363-2) = 4.69×10¹⁰⁸ possible combinations !!!

This formula can be used only for skipping exons in the alternative splicing process.

The following is a nice thoughtful story by the outstanding student, Zahraa Hasan.

I have been told at high school that the genome of one person can reach the moon and back to earth and I want to see if that is true.

To find if the genome can reach the moon, I must first calculate the length of the genome in one cell then multiply it by the number of cells in a human body. Then I must divide that number by 3.84 x 10⁵ km (the distance between the Earth and the moon in km).

Given:

1. Human haploid cells contain 3 billion base-pairs (3×10⁹ bp).
2. Humans are diploid organisms.
3. A diploid human cell contains 6 billion base-pairs (6×10⁹ bp).
4. The distance between the basepairs in a B-DNA (the one that is found in a human body) is 0.34 nm (0.34×10^-9 m).
5. The estimated number of cells in a human body is 37.2 trillion cells (37.2×10¹² cells).
6. The distance between the earth and the moon is only 3.84 x 10⁵ km

Length of DNA in 1 haploid cell: (3×10⁹ bp)*( 0.34×10^-9 m) = 1.02 m

Length of DNA in 1 diploid cell: (6×10⁹ bp)*( 0.34×10^-9 m) = 2.04 m

Length of DNA in all human diploid cells:

(2.04×10^-3 km/diploid cell)*(37.2x 10¹² diploid cells) = 7.59×10¹⁰ km

or

(6×10^⁹ bp)*(0.34nm/bp)*(37.2×10¹² cell/human body) = 7.59×10¹⁰ km

Going to moon: (7.59×10¹⁰) ÷ (3.84×10⁵) ≈ 197,656 times

Going to the moon and coming back: 197,656/2 ≈ 98,828 times

It means that the genome of one person can go to the moon and come back to earth 98,828 times!!!

عمل مبدع من الطالبة سلمى عبدالعزيز بخصوص ال (Central Dogma of Molecular Biology) وتوصيف ال (Dogma) بالدقمة والذي يعني زر لكن باللهجة الكويتية قمة في الابداع.

هذا العمل من تقديم الطالب عبدالعزيز الكندري في مقرر الادلة الجينائية.  شكل ال (DNA) هو (Double helix)

This art work is done by my student Sara Fahad for the Intro to Mol. Biol. course (281).  I agree that DNA is the most famous molecule.

This is a very beautiful idea and artwork by Unknown Student (thus far) from my forensic course (301).  The drawing shows Taq Polymerase enjoying a jacuzzi bath (first phase of PCR) while norman DNA polymerase is denaturing.  Very nice!

• كل شارب وله مقص وكل (DNA) وله (Restriction Enzyme/Endonuclease).

شهد الشهاب

• كلنا عيال قرية وكل من يعرف أخيه. مثل ال (DNA) كل (Nucleotide) يعرف أخيه.

شمايل بدر

• تمنيتك يال (mutation) عون بس طلعت لي فرعون.

شوق الخالدي

• من طق طبله قال أنا قبله. مثل ال (Activator and Repressor) وال (competitive DNA binding).

مريم فيصل

• خاويني وأخاويج (Activator and Repressor)  وآخذ ريلج وأخليج (competitive DNA binding).

فاطمة فهد

• الظفر ما يطلع من اللحم وال (Nucleotide) ما يطلع من ال (Strand).

آمنه يوسف

• ليتك (Lytic) ما سويتها يا بو جاسم وقتلت مرتك. اهرب ليسجنوك (Lysogenic).

ميار سميح

• In mathematics 20 can’t equal 64 but in molecular biology it can (the genetic code).

Mayar Sameeh

• (Shine-Dalgarno) واقف عالحيطه لابس برنيطه قبال كل (Start codon) مرتز.

سارة فهد

• UGA says I wish whereas AUG says I will.

Sara Zeyad

من بصمتك هذي يا المجرم اللعاب

كم خلية تحللت وعانت مع البرايمرات

من كثر ما استبعدوا أغلب الناس

شفهم ترى زادوا عدد الماركرات

نوال الشمري (٣٠١)

• يا ناقش الحنه على باطن الكف. ويا كاشف البصمة من باطن الكف

نوال الشمري (٣٠١)

• الثوب الي أطول منك يعتك. وال (Slippage) في ال (DNA) بالتحليل يفضحك

إبراهيم الشمري (٣٠١)

• أتمنى لو قلمي فيه خاصية ال (Proofreading) يصحح أخطائي من وراي بالإمتحان مثل ال (DNA Pol)

فاطمة مهدي

• رزق القطاوة على الخاملات. ورزق ال (Pol proofreading) على (Pol errors)

سارة فهد

إذا ال (DNA) يوماً أراد الحياة

فلا بد أن يستجيب ال (polymer)

ولابد لل (double helix) أن ينجلي

ولابد لل (hydrogen bond) أن ينكسر

آمنة عبدالله

• تقول البكتريا لل (bacteriophage): البيت بيت أبونا والقوم حاربونا

شريفة إبراهيم

• الي ما يطوله ال (DNA Pol) يوصله (Ligase)

أسماء عبدالوهاب

حلاة الثوب رقعته منه وفيه

complementary base-pairing in DNA double helix

بدر عماد

• يقول شكسبير: هكذا أنا أحمل على كتفي سر الأشياء. استطعت أن أتجول عبر العالم مثل جاسوس دون أن أغير مكاني ودون أن أتحرك من على كرسي
• وال (DNA) يقول: هكذا أنا أحمل على كتفي سر الجينات. أجول بها عبر الأجيال مثل جاسوس دون أن أغير مكاني في الخلية.

إيمان القلاف

This the artwork of Afrah Eid. I think this was inspired by my lecture about model organisms in the Introduction to Molecular Biology course (281).

This is an amazing artwork by Amna Mousa. Amna was a student in the DNA Forensic course (301) that I partially teach with Prof. M. Abaza.  The artwork is related to my lecture about microsatellite markers, which are also known as short tandem repeats.

This is the artwork and idea of Anfal Ali in my Intro. to Mol. Biology course (281).  The work is related to my lecture about the lambda phage repressor.

This is the work of Asma Abdulwahab (Intro. to Mol. Biology – 281).  The work is related to the structure of DNA and RNA.

The following are some drawings by a very talented artist and an excellent student Fatimah Almousa.  Fatima attended my Intro to Mol. Biol. course (281) last semester and also attended DNA Forensic course (301).  Below are the amazing ideas and drawings.

1. This artwork is related to Sanger sequencing method with a cultural touch.  The automated chain termination method uses dideoxynucleotides that each is marked by a specific fluorescent marker.

2. This work is related to the effects of environmental factors in the path of gene expression.

3. This work is related to somatic cell mutations and the examples provided in class.

4. This is the last piece of Ms. Fatima thus far and it is related to the methylation of CpG islands near promoters of some genes, which cause the inhibition of gene expression.

This is the idea and drawing of Fatima Mohammed for the Intro. to Mol. Biol. (281) course.  The work is related to the function of the mRNA.

هذا عمل الطالبة فاطمة ناصر في مقرر مقدمة البيولوجيا الجزيئية. أعجبني في هذا العمل الترجمة للأفكار باللغة العربية. عمل ممتاز

This is the work of Fay Majed for the Intro to Mol. Biol. class (281).  The work is related to DNA replication and the enzymes and proteins related.

This may not be original but it is nonetheless a nice effort